Threaded joint with resilient seal ring

ABSTRACT

A threaded joint comprises a seal ring positioned between a pin and a box, and located in a groove between the end of a threaded section and the nose of the box. The seal ring has a first base, a second base axially opposite to the first base, at least two protruding annular ribs on the external surface, and an internal surface comprising, in an unloaded position, two frustoconical annular surfaces tapering towards the center of the seal ring and joined by a fillet.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to threaded joints, in particular for connecting tubes of predefined length to make strings used in the hydrocarbon industry especially for use in the field of OCTG (Oil Country Tubular Goods) and in line pipes in offshore applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Searching for oil or, more generally, hydrocarbons has become more demanding in terms of hardware and devices in recent years because oil and gas fields or reservoirs are located deeper under the earth's surface or in places difficult to reach below the sea bed. Prospecting for and exploitation of hydrocarbon fields demands hardware which is more resistant to environmental challenges such as higher loads and corrosion, which were less important in the past.

Modern joints are generally designed with metal to metal seals made by the contact between two surfaces, usually at one end or at both ends of the threaded portion of the joint, interfering in the elastic range of the modulus of elasticity for an appropriate stress magnitude. However in specific situations, resilient seals are needed instead of or in combination with metallic seals to prevent penetration of external fluids in the interstices of the threads.

It is therefore a design requirement that the joint seals resist penetration of the external fluids, or at least do not allow continuous exchange of the fluids already penetrated with the surrounding fluids, in order to reduce corrosion rate.

To solve the mentioned problems various solutions have been provided, one of which consists of inserting a seal ring made of polymeric material, e.g. an O-ring, at the extremity of the joint near the threaded portion.

It is a widespread practice to use O-rings pre-mounted onto the box, but this practice has an important disadvantage: the seal rings can be damaged during mounting of the ring and/or during make-up.

As they are pre-mounted onto the box, when making up the box the seal is dragged together with the box over the pin's threads. Due to the diametrical interferences needed between pin, box and seal dimensions for the seals to work properly, along with the geometric parameters of the connection such as thread profile, pitch, taper angle, stab angle, etc, the seals are inevitably forced to crawl over the pin's threads, resulting in damage to the lower surfaces of the seals or in permanent deformations which later would jeopardize the sealing efficiency during operation.

Seal rings having more complicated shape have also been proposed, e.g. rings with an “H” or “U” cross-section to increase efficiency and prevent sea water from penetrating into the gaps of the joint. However such seal rings are subject to such stresses and adverse environmental conditions, both during the initial make-up operation and during operational life, that their efficiency is much reduced after some time. Even though pre-mounting on the pin would be less harmful for the seal ring, some field applications require simpler seal rings which must be pre-mounted onto the box.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,550,822 discloses a threaded joint including a water exclusion seal which is a pressure energized elastomeric seal positioned in a groove near each end of the coupling to form a radial seal between the unthreaded area at each end of the coupling and the unthreaded cylindrical area adjacent each end of the tubular section.

The shape of the ring section does not facilitate its dragging over the thread during make up. Because of its shape, the sharp corners hit the thread crests and are prone to get stuck in the thread. In the event of joint break-out it is even more easy to damage the seal ring.

In case of failure the portion of the pin with the vanishing thread remains unprotected against possible external corrosive fluids, since dope used to lubricate the joint is easily washed away.

This joint uses standard seal rings available on the market. Therefore, the same ring design must be used under different connections, and does not provide for customisation of the ring geometry for each pin taper, stab angle, thread height and pitch, etc.

The cavity between the lips fragilizes the housing, making it prone to rupture during break-out of the connection, where the lower part of the housing is dragged over the pin's threads, causing high deformation which may break it.

There have been many attempts to design improved configurations for seal rings to be housed in the vicinity of the nose of the box, but all are insufficient to withstand the higher requirements set for current joints.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a threaded joint which overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide a joint having an innovative seal ring ensuring both a simple and reliable initial make-up and a high sealing efficiency during operation.

The above mentioned objects are achieved in accordance with the present invention by means of a threaded joint comprising a male threaded tube, defined as the pin, and a female threaded tube, defined as the box, and a seal ring, the pin being adapted to be made up in the box, the seal ring being interposed between the pin and the box, it being located on a portion of the surface of the box between the end of a threaded section and the nose of the box, and being in tight sealing contact via an external surface with an internal surface of the box and via an internal surface with an external surface of the pin, the seal ring having a first base, a second base axially opposite to the first base, at least two protruding annular ribs on the external surface, the internal surface of said seal ring comprising, in its unloaded position, two frustoconical annular surfaces tapering towards the centre of the seal ring and joined by a fillet.

The joint of the invention with a seal ring of novel design ensures reusability of the seal ring, or at least it is more reliable in cases where no spare O-rings are available. In contrast, after break-out most prior art threaded joints, incorporating well-known O-rings with circular cross-section, damage the original O-ring and a new seal ring must be used for the new make up operation, because the original one has been damaged both by the first make up and by break-out.

The advantage of the invention is to provide a threaded joint reliable in real field operative conditions, where reliability is crucial and reduction in operative costs in terms of time and tasks are desirable.

The housing for the seal ring of the joint is configured to match in the best manner the shape of the seal ring, and vice versa, whereby the seal ring works synergistically with the housing both during and after make up.

Advantageously, this synergy is obtained without increasing costs since the groove of the invention is easy to make and is not more complex or expensive to produce than the currently used groove configurations, which house standard O-rings of circular cross-section. In addition the simple shape of the housing cross-section combined with that of the seal ring reduces the overall dimensions of the groove when compared to the dimensions of those grooves for O-rings of circular cross-section since the diameter of the circular cross-section determines the depth of the groove. As is explicatory shown in FIG. 1, which represents two standard O-rings mounted on state of the art joints, since an O-ring of large diameter would be preferable to avoid getting stuck between two adjacent crests of the pin thread during make up, this entails machining a deeper groove (example on the right), and the thickness of the wall w of the box in that portion would be significantly reduced as well as joint wall strength compared to an O-ring of smaller diameter (left example) which entails a wall thickness w′.

Advantageously a coating can be applied to the surfaces involved by the seal ring for protecting the machined surface of the pin close to the vanishing thread region of the joint which is likely to be exposed to contact by corrosive external agents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other objects will become more readily apparent by referring to the following detailed description and the appended drawings in which:

FIG. 1 shows an enlarged view of a detail of a threaded joint with an O-ring of the prior art,

FIG. 1A shows a sectional view on an axial plane of the joint in accordance with the present invention before make up,

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view on a longitudinal axial plane of the joint in accordance with the present invention after make up,

FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the seal ring of the joint of FIG. 1A in its unloaded position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With particular reference to the FIGS. 1A to 3, there is shown a threaded joint indicated overall by reference numeral 1, connecting two tubes, a male tube, commonly called a pin 2, with a nominal external diameter D, and a female tube also called a box 3, of external diameter D1, equal to or greater than D.

The pin 2 has a threaded portion 4 with male threads of appropriate profile, e.g. trapezoidal, and the box 3 has an internal threaded portion 5 with female threads.

The common axis of the pin 2 and box 3 is indicated with A. The box ends with a nose 15.

The portion of the box 3 near the end of the thread 5 comprises an annular groove 18 between box nose 15 and the thread end. This groove 18 is the housing of a seal ring 6.

With particular reference to FIG. 3, which shows a section of the ring 6 in the unloaded position located in its housing 18 in the box 3, the seal ring 6 has an external surface with two annular ribs 11, 12 separated by an annular furrow 13. The ribs 11, 12 have crests preferably rounded or of any other appropriate shape. When positioned in the housing 18 the external side of the ring 6 contacts the bottom of the groove. This bottom is preferably flat in the axial direction, to make machining easier.

The furrow 13 and the ribs 11, 12 present two main advantages:

-   -   on one side the furrow 13 works as a lung, providing the needed         radial deformation to allowing the internal surface of the ring         6 to be squeezed more easily.     -   on the other side the ribs 11, 12 generate a load concentration,         thus increasing sealing contact and acting as double independent         sealing barriers.

The seal ring 6 has two bases 8, 9 axially opposite to each other. One or both bases 8, 9 are substantially, but not exclusively, flat.

The internal surface of the seal ring 6 has two frustoconical surfaces or flanks 19, 20 that are V-shaped, when seen in the axial section. The taper angle α of the surfaces 19, 20 can be defined as a function of thread parameters, i.e. taper, stab angle, etc. A preferred value for the angle α is 45°.

The taper of each surface 19 and 20 can also have different values for the taper angles α and γ. This embodiment is shown in particular in FIG. 3.

In a further particularly advantageous embodiment of the joint, the seal ring 6 has a section with specific dimensions.

The thickness “t” of the seal ring in the axial direction is defined by the thread width, the thickness “t” of the ring 6 being larger than the axial length of the void “b” between two crests of the thread. This facilitates jump over of the crests by the seal ring apex 10 during make up.

The depth “d” of the groove 18 of the box 3 in the radial direction is preferably comprised between 3 and 15 mm. The groove 18 should house about 75% of the thickness of the seal ring 6 in the radial direction.

The taper angles α and γ of the flanks 19 and 20 are chosen with magnitudes such that the following relationships with the stab angle β and load angle δ of the thread flanks are satisfied

α>β and

γ>δ.

The apex 10 of the ring where the two tapered frustoconical surfaces 19 and 20 meet has preferably a rounded shape like a fillet when seen in section. The seal ring 6 is a simple but effective improvement over conventional O-rings currently used in the field. Main advantages consist in its frustoconical annular surfaces 19, 20, tapering towards the centre of the seal ring and joined by the apex or fillet 10 therebetween, which facilitate forward or backward movement of the seal ring over the threads, thus avoiding damage. Moreover, the internal surface of the seal ring 6 also generates a load concentration thus increasing sealing contact and therefore improving sealability of the seal ring when made up.

The seal ring can be made of elastomeric materials, which in this application is intended to include any natural or synthetic material having elastic properties including rubbers, plastics, polymers, etc.

The joint defines an inner space 16, containing the axis A of the pin and box, in which the fluid, for example a hydrocarbon, such as natural gas or petroleum or other similar fluid, flows and an outer space 17 which can be in contact with fluids of various kinds such as sea water in some applications.

The ring 6 offers an important protection to the joint 1, on the outside of the joint since it is located at the extremity of the box, thus preventing external fluids which occupy the space 17 from leaking into the threaded zone of the joint 1.

In an advantageous embodiment, a reinforcement ring 7 of different material, preferably metal, stronger than the plastic material of the seal ring can be added, by embedding such a reinforcement ring inside the body of the seal ring 6.

Advantageously a coating is applied to those surfaces of both the pin and box which remain in contact with the seal ring 6.

The threaded joint of the invention offers improved sealability and protection against make up and break-out damage by virtue of the aforementioned features. The joint is to be used preferably in the field of OCTG and line pipe connections for the oil & gas industry, especially in offshore applications. It can be employed at depths up to 3500 m, at which the threaded part still remains protected from external water infiltration. 

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 10. A threaded joint comprising: a male threaded pin, a female threaded box, and a seal ring, the pin being configured to be made up in the box, the seal ring being radially located between the pin and the box, the seal ring being axially located between the end of a threaded section of the box and a nose of the box, and being in tight sealing contact via an external surface thereof with an internal surface of the box and via an internal surface thereof with an external surface of the pin, the seal ring comprising: a first base; a second base axially opposite the first base; at least two protruding annular ribs on the external surface; the internal surface of said seal ring comprising, two annular surfaces tapering towards the center of the seal ring and joined by a fillet; and an embedded reinforcement ring.
 11. A threaded joint according to claim 10, wherein said annular surfaces have equal taper angles.
 12. A threaded joint according to claim 10, wherein said annular surfaces have unequal taper angles.
 13. A threaded joint according to claim 12, wherein one annular surface defines a first taper angle α relative to the first base and the other annular surface defines a second taper angle δ relative to the second base, wherein the pin threads have a stab angle β and a load angle δ, and wherein α is greater than β and γ is greater than δ.
 14. A threaded joint according to claim 12, wherein the axial thickness of the seal ring is greater than the axial distance between adjacent threads of the pin.
 15. A threaded joint according to claim 10, wherein the seal ring comprises an elastomeric material.
 16. A threaded joint according to claim 10, wherein the first base is substantially flat.
 17. A joint according to claim 10, wherein a coating is applied to those surfaces of the pin and box which remain in contact with the seal ring.
 18. A threaded joint, comprising: a threaded box configured to couple to a threaded pin, the threads of the pin and the box each comprising a stab angle β and load angle δ; a seal ring housed in a circumferential groove in the box, the seal ring comprising a first base, a second based axially opposite the first base, an external surface comprising a plurality of radially-protruding annular ribs connected by a curved furrow, and an internal surface comprising a first tapered surface and a second tapered surface connected by an apex, wherein the first tapered surface defines an angle α relative to the first base, and the second tapered surface defines an angle γ relative to the second base; wherein α is greater than β and γ is greater than δ; and the seal ring being positioned between the coupled pin and box, the internal surface configured to contact an external surface of the pin, and the annular ribs configured to contact the groove.
 19. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the seal ring further comprises a reinforcement ring.
 20. The joint according to claim 19, wherein the reinforcement ring is completely embedded in the seal ring.
 21. The joint according to claim 18, wherein α and γ are about equal.
 22. The joint according to claim 21, wherein α and γ are about 45°.
 23. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the external surface defining the annual ribs and the annular furrow comprises an undulating surface.
 24. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the radial depth of the groove is about 3 to 15 mm.
 25. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the seal ring further comprises a radial thickness that is about 75% contained in the groove.
 26. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the apex is a fillet.
 27. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the seal ring comprises an axial thickness greater than the axial distance between adjacent threads of the threaded pin.
 28. The joint according to claim 18, wherein the seal ring comprises an elastomeric material.
 29. The joint according to claim 28, wherein the seal ring comprises a material selected from the group consisting of rubber, plastic, and polymer.
 30. A method of coupling a threaded pin and a threaded box to form a joint, comprising: inserting a seal ring into a circumferential groove in the threaded box such that an external surface of the seal ring contacts the groove, the external surface of the seal ring comprising a plurality of radially-protruding annular ribs joined by a curved furrow, the seal ring further comprising an internal surface comprising two tapered surfaces joined by an apex in a generally V-shape, wherein the tapered surfaces define an angle relative to each other that is greater than an angle defined by each thread of a threaded part of the pin; and inserting the threaded pin into the threaded box such that the internal surface of the seal ring passes over the threads of the pin and contacts an external surface of the pin, the external surface of the seal ring contacts the groove, and the seal ring is radially compressed between the pin and the box, the tapered surfaces configured to facilitate movement of the seal ring over the threads of the pin so that the internal surface does not catch within the threads, thereby inhibiting damage to the seal ring during make-up of the joint.
 31. The method according to claim 30, further comprising withdrawing the pin from the box to decouple the joint, the tapered surfaces configured to move over the threads of the pin so that the internal surface of the seal ring does not catch within the threads, thereby inhibiting damage to the seal ring during brake-out of the joint.
 32. The method according to claim 30, wherein the seal ring further comprises a reinforcement ring at least partially embedded in the seal ring.
 33. The method according to claim 30, wherein the external surface defining the annual ribs and the annular furrow comprises an undulating surface. 